This paper discusses how pigeon infestations are becoming an increasing issue in urban architecture, causing structural damage and health hazards through their droppings, which can erode materials and spread diseases. These infestations also attract pests, further compromising public health. While deterrents such as spikes and nets are commonly used, they often conflict with aesthetic and ethical considerations. 

 

The research emphasises the need for a comprehensive approach to managing these infestations, focusing on effective deterrents, ongoing maintenance, and design strategies that balance functionality with aesthetics.

 

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